Uruhare rw'inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu

Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi kubera imikorere yabyo myiza. Ariko, imikorere yabyo myiza ntishobora gutandukanywa n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bya aluminiyumu. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byabaye ibintu by'ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere ya aluminiyumu no kunoza imiterere y'ibinyampeke.

Inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumuni imiti yongerwa mu cyuma gishongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gukora. Izi nyongeramusaruro zigira akamaro gatandukanye kandi zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro wa nyuma. Urugero, uruhare rw'inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye ruratandukanye,inyongeramusaruro za chromium, bigira uruhare runini mu kongeramo chromium muri aluminiyumu no kunoza imiterere y'ibinyampeke, kandiinyongeramusaruro za manganese, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngano ya manganese mu bicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu.

Muri zhelu, inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu zizwi kandi nka 75% by’inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu, bivuze ko ingano y’ibintu bya shimi bigomba kongerwamo ni 75% naho ibindi ni aluminiyumu, bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu. Byongeye kandi, inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu zikorwa na zhelu zifite umusaruro urenga 95%. Ibi binoza ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo, bigabanya imyanda kandi bikongera imikorere myiza. Ibi ntibifasha abakora kugabanya ibiciro gusa, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zose.

Kurengera ibidukikije no kutanduza ibidukikije byabaye impungenge zikomeye ku muryango. Hari ubumenyi bwinshi ku kamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije no gukenera ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nganda zose. Imwe mu nyungu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Ibintu byangiza bikorerwa mu buryo bwa shimi. Inyongeramusaruro za zhelu zibanda ku kurengera ibidukikije no gukora nta mwanda. Zikurikiza amabwiriza akaze kandi zifasha kugabanya imyuka mibi ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya.

Inyongera zimwe na zimwe za aluminiyumu nazo zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ibumba. Mu kwinjiza ibintu byihariye mu cyuma gishongeshejwe, izi nyongeramusaruro zifasha gukuraho imyanda, kunoza imiterere y’ibumba no kongera imiterere yaryo. Urugero,ingot ya manyeziyumu, ongeramo ingot ya manyeziyumu intego nyamukuru ni ukunoza ibipimo by'imikorere y'icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu, cyane cyane ubudahangarwa n'ingufu. Nk'uko abahanga babivuga, icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu na manyeziyumu ni cyoroshye kandi gikomeye, kirwanya ingufu neza, cyoroshye gusudira no gutunganya ibindi bintu, ni ugukora indege, roketi, ubwato butwara umuvuduko, imodoka n'ibindi bikoresho by'ingenzi. Byongeye kandi, uruhare rw'inyongera za aluminiyumu si ukunoza imiterere ya mekanike gusa, izi nyongeramusaruro zinanoza ubushobozi bwo gukora, bigatuma byoroha gutunganya no gufata. Bifasha kugabanya inenge zibaho mu gihe cyo gucukura no gucura, bityo bikongera umusaruro kandi bikagabanya igipimo cy'ibisigazwa. Kurushaho gukoresha izi nyongeramusaruro bifasha kuzigama ikiguzi kandi bigatuma ibice byiza bikorwa.

Nubwo inyongeramusaruro zigira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu, abakora inganda nabo bagomba gutegura gahunda zitandukanye hashingiwe ku miterere y’inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye n’ubushyuhe bwazo mu mikorere. Urugero, chromium, manganese naumuringa mu byuma bikoreshwa muri aluminiyumu byose bigomba kongerwamo gusa iyo ubushyuhe bwabyo burenze dogere selisiyusi 730, mu gihesilikoninaicyumaigomba gukoreshwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwa 740°C na 750°C. Byongeye kandi, ku gipimo, zhelu muri rusange iyoborwa n'iyi formula:

Gukoresha neza inyongeramusaruro ni byo bigena ubwiza bwa nyuma bw'ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu.

Mu gusoza, inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu zigira uruhare runini mu gukora inyongeramusaruro zibungabunga ibidukikije. Izi nyongeramusaruro zigira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije mu nganda hibandwa ku bikorwa bibungabunga ibidukikije no kudahumanya ibidukikije. Ubushobozi bwazo bwo kunoza imiterere y'ibinyampeke, kongera ingano y'ikintu kiri muri aloyi ya aluminiyumu no kunoza ubushobozi bwa aloyi butuma ziba ngombwa mu nzego zitandukanye. Uko icyifuzo cy'ibikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije kandi byiza gikomeza kwiyongera, ni nako akamaro k'inyongeramusaruro za aluminiyumu kazakomeza, bigategura inzira y'ejo hazaza heza kandi heza.