I. kugabanya
Ku murizo wumurizo wibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byakuwe hanze, nyuma yo kugenzura gukabije, hari ikintu kimeze nkamahembe mugice cyo hagati cyumusaraba, bita umurizo ugabanuka.
Mubisanzwe, umurizo wibicuruzwa biva imbere ni birebire kuruta ibyo gusubizwa inyuma, kandi byoroshye byoroshye ni birebire kuruta ibivanze.Kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa byasohotse imbere ahanini ni muburyo bwa buri mwaka, kandi kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu buryo bwa feri yo hagati.
Icyuma gisohoka kugeza kumpera yinyuma, hamwe nuruhu rwa ingot hamwe namahanga yinjizwamo yegeranijwe kumurongo wapfuye wa silinderi ya gasutamo cyangwa gasike yinjira mubicuruzwa kugirango igabanuke kabiri;mugihe ibikoresho bisigaye ari bigufi cyane kandi hagati yibicuruzwa bigaburiwe bidahagije, uburyo bwubwoko bwincamake.Kuva kumpera yumurizo kugeza imbere, umurizo ugenda woroha kandi ukabura burundu.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanuka
1. Ibikoresho bisigaye ni bigufi cyane cyangwa uburebure bwibicuruzwa byaciwe bitujuje amabwiriza;
2. Ikibanza cyo gukuramo ntigisukuye kandi gifite amavuta;
3. Mugihe cyanyuma cyo gusohora, umuvuduko wo gusohora urihuta cyane cyangwa kwiyongera gitunguranye;
4. Koresha igikonjo cyahinduwe (padi yazamuye hagati);
5. Ubushyuhe bwa silinderi yo gukuramo ni ndende cyane;
6. silinderi yo gusohora hamwe na shaft yo gukuramo ntabwo bihujwe;
7. Ubuso bwa ingot ntabwo busukuye, hariho irangi ryamavuta, ibibyimba byo gutandukanya no kugunduka nizindi nenge ntibikurwaho;
8. Intoki y'imbere ya silinderi yo gukuramo ntabwo isukuye cyangwa ngo ihindurwe, kandi umurongo w'imbere ntusukurwa hamwe na paje yoza mugihe.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kureka ibisigara no guca imirizo nkuko bisabwa;
2. Gumana isuku;
3. Kunoza ubwiza bwubuso bwa ingot;
4. Kugenzura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ubushyuhe bwo kwihuta no kwihuta kugirango bisohore neza;
5. Usibye ibihe bidasanzwe, birabujijwe rwose gukoresha amavuta hejuru yigikoresho no kubumba;
6. Igikuta gikonje neza.
II.Impeta ya kirisiti
Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya aluminiyumu bivanze bigizwe nuburinganire bwimbuto zongeye kugarurwa hafi yikigero cyibicuruzwa ku gipimo gito cyo gupima nyuma yo kuvura igisubizo, cyitwa impeta yuzuye ingano.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bikozwe nimpeta, imiterere ya arc nubundi buryo bwimpeta zoroshye.Ubujyakuzimu bw'impeta yuzuye ingano igenda igabanuka kuva umurizo kugera imbere ikabura burundu.Uburyo bwibanze bwo gushinga ni agace k’ibinyampeke kakozwe hejuru y’ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gusohora bishyushye, kandi agace koroheje kongeye gushyirwaho nyuma yo gushyushya no kuvura igisubizo.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera impeta ya kirisiti
1. Guhindura ibintu bitaringaniye
2. Ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kandi igihe cyo gufata ni kirekire cyane, kuburyo ibinyampeke bikura;
3. Ibigize imiti ya zahabu ntabwo bifite ishingiro;
4. Ubushuhe muri rusange bushobora kuvangwa nubushyuhe bufite impeta zifite ingano nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, cyane cyane imiterere n utubari twa 6a02, 2a50 nizindi mvange nizo zikomeye cyane, zidashobora kuvaho kandi zishobora kugenzurwa gusa murwego runaka;
5. Ihindurwa rya extrusion ni rito cyangwa guhindura ibintu ntibihagije, cyangwa murwego rwo guhindura ibintu, kandi biroroshye kubyara impeta nini ya kirisiti.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Urukuta rw'imbere rwa silinderi yo gusohora iroroshye kandi isukuye, ikora amaboko ya aluminiyumu yuzuye kugirango igabanye ubushyamirane mugihe cyo kuyisohora;
2. Ihinduka rigomba kuba ryuzuye kandi rimwe rishoboka, kandi ibipimo byerekana nkubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bigomba kugenzurwa neza;
3. Irinde igisubizo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa igihe cyo gufata ni kirekire;
4. Gusohora hamwe no gupfa;
5. Gusohora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu hamwe nuburyo buhoraho;
6. Byakozwe nuburyo bwo kuvura-gushushanya-gusaza;
7. Hindura ibice byose bya zahabu kandi wongere ibintu byongera guhagarika ibintu;
8. Koresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru;
9. Ibikoresho bimwe bivangavanze ntibisanzwe, kandi impeta yuzuye ingano ntigaragara mugihe cyo kuyikuramo.
III, urwego
Iyi ni inenge yo gusibanganya uruhu ikorwa mugihe icyuma gitemba gisa, kandi ubuso bwa ingot butembera mubicuruzwa bikurikiranye hagati yububumbano na zone ya elastike yimbere.Kuri transvers yo hasi-gukuza igeragezwa, bigaragara ko hari inenge yibice bitandukanye kumpera yumusaraba.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gutandukana
1. Hano hari umukungugu hejuru ya ingot cyangwa ingot ifite igiteranyo kinini cyo gutandukanya aho kuba uruhu rwimodoka, ibibyimba byibyuma, nibindi, byoroshye gukora ibice;
2. Hano hari ibisebe hejuru yubusa cyangwa umwanda nkibara ryamavuta, ibiti, nibindi, bidahanagurwa mbere yo gusohora;
3. Umwanya wumwobo wapfuye ntusobanutse, wegereye inkombe ya silinderi;
4. Igikoresho cyo gukuramo cyambarwa cyane cyangwa hari umwanda mugihuru cya silinderi ya extrait, idashobora gusukurwa no gusimburwa mugihe;
5. Itandukaniro rya diameter ya padiri yo gukuramo ni nini cyane;
6. Ubushyuhe bwa silinderi ya extrait irarenze cyane iy'ingot.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo, kugenzura ku gihe no gusimbuza ibikoresho bitujuje ibyangombwa;
2. Ingoti zujuje ibyangombwa ntabwo zashyizwe mu itanura;
3. Nyuma yo gukata ibikoresho bisigaye, bigomba gusukurwa bitiziritse kumavuta yo gusiga;
4. Komeza umurongo wa silinderi yo gukuramo neza, cyangwa usukure umurongo mugihe ukoresheje gasike.
IV.Gusudira nabi
Ikintu cyo gusudira gusudira cyangwa gusudira kutuzuye kubicuruzwa bidafite akamaro bivanwa no kugabana bipfira kuri weld byitwa gusudira nabi.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gusudira nabi
1. Coefficient yo gusohora ni nto, ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri hasi, kandi umuvuduko wo gusohora urihuta;
2. Gukuramo ubwoya cyangwa ibikoresho ntabwo bisukuye;
3. Gusiga amavuta;
4. Igishushanyo mbonera kidakwiye, umuvuduko wa hydrostatike udahagije cyangwa utaringaniye, igishushanyo mbonera cyimyobo ya shunt;
5. Hano hari amavuta yanduye hejuru ya ingot.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Ongera neza coefficient de coiffe, ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo no kwihuta;
2. Igishushanyo mbonera no gukora ibishushanyo;
3. silinderi yo gusohora hamwe na gasike yo gukuramo ntabwo bisizwe amavuta kandi bigakomeza kugira isuku;
4. Koresha ingoti zifite isura nziza.
V. Ibice bisohoka
Aka ni akantu gato kameze nka arc kumpande yikizamini cya transvers yikigereranyo cyibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, hamwe no guturika buri gihe ku mpande runaka yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyacyo kirekire, cyihishe munsi ya epidermis mu bihe byoroheje, hamwe n’ibice bya seriveri mu gice cyo hanze. mubihe bikomeye, bizangiza cyane gukomeza icyuma.Gukuramo ibice byakozwe mugihe hejuru yicyuma cyatanyaguwe nuburemere bukabije bwigihe cyurukuta rwurupfu mugihe cyo gukuramo.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gukuramo ibice
1. Umuvuduko wo gusohora urihuta cyane;
2. Ubushyuhe bwa Extrusion buri hejuru cyane;
3. Umuvuduko wo gusohora uhindagurika cyane;
4. Ubushyuhe bw'ubwoya bwakuweho buri hejuru cyane;
5. Iyo ibibyimba bipfuye bisohotse, gahunda yo gupfa iba yegereye ikigo, ku buryo itangwa ry'ibyuma ryo hagati ridahagije, ku buryo itandukaniro riri hagati yikigo n’igipimo cy’imigezi ari kinini;
6. Ingot homogenisation annealing ntabwo ari nziza.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Shyira mubikorwa uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyushya no gusohora;
2. Kugenzura kenshi ibikoresho nibikoresho kugirango ukore imikorere isanzwe;
3. Hindura igishushanyo mbonera kandi ubitunganyirize witonze, cyane cyane igishushanyo cyikiraro kibumba, icyumba cyo gusudira hamwe na radiyo yo ku nkombe, nibindi bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro;
4. Kugabanya ibirimo sodium muri aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu;
5. Ingot ihuriweho hamwe kandi igashyirwa hamwe kugirango itezimbere plastike nuburinganire.
VI.Bubbles
Icyuma cyuruhu rwaho gitandukanijwe cyangwa gihoraho gitandukanijwe nicyuma fatizo, kandi kigaragarira nkumuzingi umwe cyangwa uruziga rumeze nk'uruzitiro rwazamuye inenge, rwitwa bubble.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera ibituba
1. Iyo gusohora, silinderi yo gukuramo hamwe na padi yo gukuramo bifite umwanda nkubushuhe namavuta;
2. Bitewe no kwambara silinderi yo gukuramo, umwuka uri hagati y igice cyambaye na ingot winjira hejuru yicyuma mugihe cyo gusohora;
3. Hariho ubuhehere muri lubricant;
4. Imiterere ya ingot ubwayo ifite inenge kandi yuzuye;
5. Ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, igihe cyo gufata ni kirekire cyane, kandi nubushyuhe bwikirere mu itanura ni bwinshi;
6. Ibirimo hydrogène mubicuruzwa ni byinshi cyane;
7. Ubushyuhe bwa silinderi ya Extrusion hamwe nubushyuhe bwa ingot ni hejuru cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Ubuso bwibikoresho nibikoresho bigomba guhorana isuku, byoroshye kandi byumye;
2. Shushanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ingano ihwanye na silinderi yo gusohora hamwe na gasike yo gusohora, genzura ubunini bwigikoresho kenshi, usane silinderi yo gukuramo mugihe hari inda nini, kandi gasike yo gukuramo ntigomba kuba yihanganira;
3. Menya neza ko amavuta asukuye kandi yumye;
4. Wubahirize byimazeyo gahunda yo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, kunanirwa mugihe, gukata neza, ntukoreshe amavuta, kuvanaho burundu ibikoresho bisigara, kugumana isuku nibibumbano kandi ntibihumanye.
VII.Gukuramo
Nibintu byo gutandukanya byaho hagati yicyuma cyuruhu nicyuma fatizo cyibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera
1. Iyo ibinyomoro bisimbuwe kandi bigasohoka, urukuta rw'imbere rwa silinderi yo gukuramo rufatirwa ku gihuru cyakozwe n'icyuma cy'umwimerere, kidasukurwa neza;
2. Amashanyarazi ya silinderi hamwe na padi yo gukuramo ntabwo bihuye neza, kandi urukuta rwimbere rwa silinderi rwashyizwemo ibyuma bisigaye;
3. Isohorwa no gusiga amavuta ya silinderi;
4. Hano hari icyuma ku mwobo wapfuye cyangwa umukandara ukora wurupfu ni muremure cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Sukura neza silinderi yo gukuramo mugihe usohora amavuta;
2. Shushanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ingano ihwanye na silinderi yo gusohora hamwe na gasike yo gusohora, genzura ingano y'ibikoresho kenshi, kandi gaze yo gusohora ntishobora kwihanganira;
3. Sukura ibyuma bisigaye ku ifu mugihe.
VIII.Igishushanyo
Inkovu imwe-imwe yimashini iterwa no guhuza ibintu bikarishye hamwe nubuso bwibicuruzwa mugihe ugereranije kunyerera byitwa gushushanya.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gushushanya
1. Iteraniro ridakwiye ryibikoresho, ubuyobozi butameze neza nakazi keza, imfuruka zityaye cyangwa ibintu byamahanga, nibindi.;
2. Hariho ibyuma byicyuma kumukandara ukora cyangwa umukandara ukora wangiritse;
3. Hariho umucanga cyangwa ibyuma bimenetse mu mavuta yo gusiga;
4. Imikorere idakwiye mugihe cyo gutwara no gukwirakwiza bidakwiye.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kugenzura no gusiga umukandara ukora muburyo bukwiye;
2. Reba umuyoboro usohoka wibicuruzwa, bigomba kuba byoroshye, kandi inzira iyobora irashobora gusiga neza;
3. Irinde gukanika imashini no gushushanya mugihe cyo gukora.
IX.Ibibyimba
Inkovu zakozwe hejuru yibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byagonganye nibindi bintu byitwa ibikomere.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera
1. Imiterere yumwanya wakazi hamwe nibikoresho bifatika ntabwo bifite ishingiro;
2. Kurinda ibyuma bidakwiye ibiseke, ibikoresho, nibindi.;
3. Ntukabyitondere witonze mugihe ukora.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Igikorwa witonze, kora witonze;
2. Kuramo inguni zikarishye, hanyuma upfundikire igitebo hamwe na rack ukoresheje dunnage nibikoresho byoroshye.
X. Igishushanyo
Inkovu zagabanijwe mu bupfundikizo hejuru y’ibicuruzwa biterwa no kunyerera ugereranije cyangwa gutandukana nyuma yubuso bwibicuruzwa byakuweho bihuye nimpande cyangwa ubuso bwibindi bintu byitwa gushushanya.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gushushanya
1. Ifumbire yambarwa cyane;
2. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa ingot, umwobo wo gupfa ufata aluminium cyangwa umukandara wo gupfa wangiritse;
3. Umwanda nka grafite na peteroli bigwa muri silinderi yo gukuramo;
4. Ibicuruzwa bigenda hamwe, kuburyo ubuso bwashushanijwe kandi ibicuruzwa biva hanze ntibingana, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bitagenda kumurongo ugororotse, bikavamo gushushanya hagati yibikoresho n'inzira iyobora hamwe nakazi gakorerwa.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kugenzura no gusimbuza impapuro zujuje ibyangombwa mugihe;
2. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ubwoya;
3. Menya neza ko ubuso bwa silinderi yoherejwe hamwe nubwoya bwera kandi bwumye;
4. Kugenzura umuvuduko wo gukuramo kugirango umenye umuvuduko umwe.
XI.Ibimenyetso
Nibisobanuro byerekana uburebure buringaniye hejuru yibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, kandi ibicuruzwa byose byakuweho bifite ibimenyetso bipfa kurwego rutandukanye.
Impamvu nyamukuru yibimenyetso
Impamvu nyamukuru: umukandara ukora ntushobora kugera kubintu byuzuye.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Menya neza ko ubuso bwumukandara ukora neza busukuye, bworoshye kandi butarimo impande zikarishye;
2. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura nitriding kugirango habeho gukomera hejuru;
3. Gusana neza ifumbire;
4. Umukandara ukora ugomba gutegurwa neza, kandi umukandara wakazi ntugomba kuba muremure.
XII.Kugoreka, kugoreka, kuzunguruka
Ikintu aho igice cyambukiranya ibicuruzwa cyakuwe mu mpande zerekejwe mu cyerekezo kirekire cyitwa kugoreka.Ikintu cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa bigoramye mu cyerekezo kirekire cyangwa icyuma ntigororotse byitwa kugonda.Ikintu gikomeza guhindagurika kibaho mubyerekezo birebire byibicuruzwa byitwa umuraba.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kugoreka, kunama, no kumuraba
1. Igishushanyo nogutunganya imyobo ipfa ntabwo ari byiza, cyangwa ingano yo kugabura umukandara ukora ntabwo bifite ishingiro;
2. Gukora nabi kubyobo bipfa;
3. Ubuyobozi bukwiye ntabwo bwashyizweho;
4. Gusana ibishushanyo bidakwiye;
5. Ubushuhe budakwiye ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko;
6. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo byabanje kugororwa mbere yo kuvura igisubizo;
7. Gukonjesha kutaringaniye mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe kumurongo.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo gushushanya no gukora;
2. Shiraho ubuyobozi bukwiye, gukurura no gukuramo;
3. Koresha amavuta yaho, gusana ibishushanyo no gutandukana cyangwa guhindura igishushanyo cyumwobo wa shunt kugirango uhindure igipimo cyicyuma;
4. Hindura neza ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo n'umuvuduko kugirango deformasiyo irusheho kuba imwe;
5. Kugabanya neza ubushyuhe bwo kuvura igisubizo cyangwa kongera ubushyuhe bwamazi kugirango bivurwe;
6. Menya neza gukonjesha kimwe mugihe cyo kuzimya kumurongo.
XIII.Kwunama gukomeye
Gutungurana gutunguranye kw'ibicuruzwa bisohotse ahantu runaka mu burebure byitwa gukomera.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kunama cyane
1. Umuvuduko udasanzwe wo gusohora, guhinduka gutunguranye kuva kumuvuduko muke kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa guhinduka gutunguranye kuva kumuvuduko mwinshi kugera kumuvuduko muke, no guhagarara gitunguranye;
2. Kwimura byimazeyo ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gukuramo;
3. Ubuso bukora bwa extruder ntiburinganiye.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Ntugahagarare ku bushake cyangwa ngo uhindure umuvuduko ukabije;
2. Ntukimure umwirondoro gitunguranye ukoresheje intoki;
3. Menya neza ko ameza yo gusohora aringaniye kandi ameza yo gusohora asohoka neza, nta kibazo cy’amahanga, kandi ibicuruzwa byahujwe nta nkomyi.
XIV.Hemp noode
Nubusembwa bwubuso bwibicuruzwa byakuweho, bivuze ko ubuso bwibicuruzwa ari flake ikomeza, gushushanya ibibara, ibyobo, ibishyimbo byuma, nibindi bifite ubusumbane buke.
Impamvu nyamukuru ya pockmark
1. Ubukomezi bwububiko ntibuhagije cyangwa ubukana ntiburinganiye;
2. Ubushyuhe bwa Extrusion buri hejuru cyane;
3. Umuvuduko wo gusohora urihuta cyane;
4. Umukandara ukora wububiko ni muremure cyane, utuje cyangwa ufatanye nicyuma;
5. Ubwoya bwakuweho ni burebure.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kunoza ubukana nubukomezi bwumukandara ukora;
2. Shyushya silinderi yo gukuramo na ingot ukurikije amabwiriza, kandi ukoreshe umuvuduko ukwiye;
3. Shushanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, ugabanye ubukana bw’umukandara ukora, kandi ushimangire kugenzura hejuru, gusana no gusya;
4. Koresha uburebure bwa ingot.
XV.Gukanda ibyuma
Mugihe cyo gusohora, ibyuma byuma bikanda hejuru yibicuruzwa, ibyo bita gukanda ibyuma.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwinjira mubyuma:
1. Impera yubwoya ifite amakosa;
2. Ubuso bw'imbere bw'ubwoya bwometse ku cyuma cyangwa amavuta yo gusiga arimo imyanda n'indi myanda;
3. Silinderi yo gusohora ntabwo isukuwe, kandi hariho nibindi byuma;
4. Ingot yarohamye mubindi byuma byamahanga;
5. Hariho gushiramo ibishishwa mu bwoya.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kuraho burr ku bwoya;
2. Menya neza ko ubuso bw'ubwoya n'amavuta yo kwisiga bisukuye kandi byumye;
3. Sukura imyanda y'icyuma kibumbwe na silinderi;
4. Hitamo ubwoya bwiza.
XVI.Gukanda ibyuma
Ibintu byamahanga nkumukara wamabuye bikanda hejuru yimbere ninyuma yibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, ibyo bita non-metallic indentation.Nyuma yuko ibintu byamahanga bimaze gukurwaho, imbere yimbere yibicuruzwa bizerekana ihungabana ryubunini butandukanye, bizangiza ubukana bwubuso bwibicuruzwa.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera kutinjira
1. Ingano ya grafite ingano nini cyangwa yegeranye, irimo ubushuhe cyangwa amavuta, kandi kubyutsa ntibingana;
2. Amashanyarazi ya peteroli ya peteroli ni make;
3. Ikigereranyo cyamavuta ya silinderi na grafite ntibikwiye, kandi hariho grafite cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Koresha grafite yujuje ibyangombwa kandi uyigumane;
2. Shungura kandi ukoreshe amavuta yujuje ibyangombwa;
3. Kugenzura igipimo cyamavuta yo gusiga hamwe na grafite.
XVII.Kubora hejuru
Ibicuruzwa bisohotse bitarigeze bivurwa hejuru, hejuru yibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, nyuma yimiti ya chimique cyangwa electrochemic reaction hamwe nuburyo bwo hanze, bitera inenge iterwa no kwangirika kwubutaka bwaho, bita kwangirika kwubutaka.Ubuso bwibicuruzwa byangiritse bitakaza urumuri rwinshi, kandi mubihe bikomeye, ibicuruzwa byangirika byera-byera bikorerwa hejuru.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera kwangirika
1. Igicuruzwa gihura nibitangazamakuru byangirika nk'amazi, aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi mugihe cyo kubyara, kubika no gutwara, cyangwa bigahagarara mukirere cyuzuye igihe kirekire;
2. Ikigereranyo cyimvange idahwitse;
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Komeza ibicuruzwa hejuru yumusaruro nububiko bwibidukikije bisukuye kandi byumye;
2. Kugenzura ibikubiye mubintu bivanze.
XVIII.Igishishwa cya orange
Ubuso bwibicuruzwa byakuweho bifite iminkanyari itaringaniye nkigishishwa cya orange, kizwi kandi nkiminkanyari.Iterwa nintete nini mugihe cyo gukuramo.Ibinyampeke bikabije, niko bigaragara cyane iminkanyari.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera igishishwa cya orange
1. Imiterere ya ingot ntabwo iringaniye kandi kuvura homogenisation ntibihagije;
2. Ibintu byo gukuramo ntabwo bifite ishingiro, kandi ibinyampeke byibicuruzwa byarangiye ni bibi;
3. Ingano yo kurambura no kugorora ni nini cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kugenzura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro gahunda yo guhuza ibitsina;
2. Guhindura bigomba kuba bimwe bishoboka (kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo, umuvuduko, nibindi)
3. Kugenzura ingano yo gukosora impagarara ntizibe nini cyane.
XIX.Ntibisanzwe
Nyuma yo gukuramo, agace aho ubunini bwibicuruzwa bihinduka mu ndege bigaragara neza cyangwa convex.Mubisanzwe, ntibishobora kugaragara n'amaso.Nyuma yo kuvura hejuru, igicucu cyiza cyangwa igicucu cyamagufwa.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera ubusumbane
1. Umukandara ukora wububiko ntabwo wateguwe neza, kandi gusana ibumba ntabwo bihari;
2. Ingano yumwobo wa shunt cyangwa pre-chambre ntabwo ikwiye, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura cyangwa kwagura umwirondoro mugace kambukiranya zitera impinduka nke mu ndege;
3. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha ntiburinganiye, kandi umuvuduko wo gukonjesha igice cyizengurutse uruzitiro cyangwa igice gihuza gahoro, bikavamo impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo kugabanuka no guhindura indege mugihe cyo gukonja;
4. Bitewe nuko itandukaniro rinini mubyimbye, itandukaniro riri hagati yurukuta ruzengurutse igice cyangwa ishyirahamwe ryinzibacyuho nibindi bice byumuryango biriyongera.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kunoza urwego rwo gushushanya, gukora no gusana ibumba;
2. Menya neza umuvuduko ukonje.
XX.Uburyo bwo kunyeganyega
Nibihe byinenge bigenda bihindagurika hejuru yibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze.Irangwa na horizontal ikomeza imirongo yigihe cyigihe hejuru yibicuruzwa, kandi umurongo uhetamye uhuza imiterere yumukandara wakazi wububiko, kandi mubihe bikomeye, hariho ibyiyumvo bigaragara.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera kunyeganyega
1. Igiti cyo gukuramo kigenda imbere kandi kinyeganyega kubera impamvu zibikoresho, gitera icyuma kunyeganyega iyo gisohotse mu mwobo;
2. Icyuma kiranyeganyega iyo gisohotse mu mwobo wapfuye kubera ifu;
3. Urupapuro rushyigikiwe ntirukwiye, gukomera ntago ari byiza, kandi kunyeganyega bibaho iyo imbaraga zo gukuramo zihindagurika.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Koresha ibishushanyo byujuje ibisabwa;
2. Ibikoresho byingirakamaro bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe byashizweho;
3. Hindura ibikoresho.
XXI, Bivanze
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kwishyira hamwe
Kubera ko fagitire yo gushyiramo ifite ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bitarimo ibyuma, ntabwo byabonetse mubikorwa byabanjirije, kandi byagumye hejuru cyangwa imbere mubicuruzwa nyuma yo kubisohora.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
Shimangira igenzura rya bilet (harimo na ultrasonic ubugenzuzi) kugirango wirinde fagitire irimo ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bitari ibyuma byinjira mubikorwa byo gusohora.
XXII, Ibimenyetso by'amazi
Ibara ryera ryerurutse cyangwa ryirabura ryirabura ridasanzwe kumurongo wibicuruzwa byitwa ibimenyetso byamazi.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera ibimenyetso byamazi
1. Kuma ntabwo ari byiza nyuma yo gukora isuku, kandi hari ubushuhe busigaye hejuru yibicuruzwa;
2. Ubushuhe busigaye hejuru yibicuruzwa byatewe nimvura nizindi mpamvu ntibyigeze bisukurwa mugihe;
3. Amavuta yitanura ashaje arimo amazi, kandi amazi yegeranya hejuru yibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gukonjesha ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gusaza;
4. Amavuta yitanura ashaje ntabwo asukuye, kandi hejuru yibicuruzwa byangirika na dioxyde de sulfure nyuma yo gutwikwa cyangwa kwanduzwa n ivumbi;
5. Uburyo bwo kuzimya bwanduye.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Komeza ubuso bwibicuruzwa byumye kandi bisukuye;
2. Kugenzura ibirimo ubuhehere nisuku yumusaza;
3. Shimangira imiyoborere yo kuzimya uburyo.
XXIII.Icyuho
Umutegetsi arengerwa hejuru yindege runaka yibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, kandi hariho intera runaka hagati yumutegetsi nubuso, byitwa icyuho.
Impamvu nyamukuru itera icyuho
Ibyuma bitaringaniye mugihe cyo gukuramo cyangwa kurangiza nabi no kugorora ibikorwa.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
Gushushanya no gukora ibishushanyo bifatika, gushimangira gusana ibishushanyo, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikwirakwizwa n’umuvuduko ukabije ukurikije amabwiriza.
XXIV, Uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye
Ibicuruzwa bisohotse bifite ubunini bumwe bifite urukuta ruto cyangwa rwijimye mu gice kimwe cyangwa icyerekezo kirekire, kandi phenomenon yitwa uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye.
Impamvu nyamukuru yuburebure bwurukuta
1. Igishushanyo mbonera nticyumvikana, cyangwa igikoresho ninteko yububiko ntibikwiye;
2. silinderi yo gusohora hamwe nurushinge rwo gukuramo ntabwo biri kumurongo umwe, bikora eccentricity;
3. Imirongo ya silinderi ya extrait yambarwa cyane, kandi ifu ntishobora gukosorwa neza, bikavamo eccentricity;
4. Uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye rwa ingot yambaye ubusa ubwabwo ntibushobora kuvaho nyuma yo gusohora kwa mbere nuwa kabiri.Uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye rwubwoya nyuma yo gukuramo ntibukurwaho nyuma yo kuzunguruka no kurambura;
5. Amavuta yo gusiga akoreshwa muburyo butaringaniye, bigatuma icyuma gitemba neza.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Hindura igishushanyo mbonera nogukora ibikoresho nibikoresho, hanyuma ushire hamwe kandi uhindure;
2. Hindura hagati ya extruder hanyuma gukuramo bipfa;
3. Hitamo imyanya yujuje ibyangombwa;
4. Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo, umuvuduko wo gusohora nibindi bipimo.
XXV.Kwagura umunwa
Inenge impande zombi zibicuruzwa byashizwe ahagaragara nka groove na I-shusho byegereye hanze byitwa gucana, naho inenge yegamiye imbere yitwa gufungura gufungura.
Impamvu nyamukuru zo kwaguka (guhuriza hamwe)
1. Igipimo cyicyuma cyamaguru "amaguru" abiri (cyangwa "ukuguru" kamwe) k'imigozi cyangwa imyirondoro isa cyangwa imyirondoro I-I ntabwo iringaniye;
2. Igipimo cyo gutembera cyumukandara ukora kumpande zombi zicyapa cyo hasi nticyaringaniye;
3. Imashini irambuye idakwiye;
4. Ibicuruzwa bimaze kuva mu mwobo, uburyo bwo kuvura kumurongo bukonjeshwa kimwe.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Kugenzura byimazeyo umuvuduko wo gukuramo n'ubushyuhe;
2. Menya neza ko ubukonje bumwe;
3. Gushushanya neza no gukora ibishushanyo;
4. Igenzura cyane ubushyuhe bwihuta n'umuvuduko, hanyuma ushyire igikoresho hanyuma upfe neza.
XXVI.Ibimenyetso
Imirongo ihindagurika yakozwe mugihe umuzingo wo hejuru wibicuruzwa bisohotse ugororotse byitwa kugorora, kandi ibimenyetso byo kugorora ntibishobora kwirindwa kubicuruzwa byose bigororotse nu muzingo wo hejuru.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugorora ibimenyetso
1. Hano hari impande hejuru yumuzingi wikizunguruka;
2. Kwunama kw'ibicuruzwa ni binini cyane;
3. Umuvuduko mwinshi;
4. Inguni ya roller igororotse ni nini cyane
5. Igicuruzwa gifite ovality nini.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
Fata ingamba zikwiye kugirango uhindure ukurikije impamvu.
XXVII.Hagarika ibimenyetso, ibyatangajwe ako kanya, ibimenyetso byo kuruma
Hagarika gusohora mugihe cyo gukuramo kugirango utange imirongo hejuru yibicuruzwa kandi bitandukanijwe nicyerekezo cyo gusohora, bita guhagarara;umurongo cyangwa imirongo igaragara hejuru yibicuruzwa na perpendicular yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo gusohora mugihe cyo gusohora, bizwi nkibimenyetso byo kuruma cyangwa guhita utangaza (bikunze kwitwa "ibimenyetso bya parikingi mpimbano")
Mugihe cyo gukuramo, imigereka ifatanye neza hejuru yumukandara wakazi ihita itandukana kandi igafatirwa hejuru yibicuruzwa byakuweho kugirango bibe ishusho.Imirongo itambitse y'umukandara ukora igaragara iyo gukuramo byahagaritswe byitwa parikingi;imirongo igaragara mugihe cyo gukuramo ibintu byitwa guhita byerekana cyangwa kuruma, kandi bizakora amajwi mugihe cyo gukuramo.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera guhagarara, ibimenyetso byihuse, nibimenyetso byo kuruma
1. Ubushyuhe butaringaniye bwa ingot cyangwa impinduka zitunguranye mumuvuduko ukabije numuvuduko;
2. Ibice byingenzi byububiko byateguwe nabi kandi bikozwe neza, cyangwa inteko ntiringana kandi hari icyuho;
3. Hariho imbaraga zo hanze perpendicular yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo gukuramo;
4. Extruder ntabwo ikora neza, kandi hariho phenomenon yo gukurura.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, umuvuduko gahoro hamwe no gusohora kimwe, imbaraga zo gukuramo ziguma zihamye;
2. Irinde imbaraga zo hanze muburyo bwa vertical extrusion icyerekezo gukora kubicuruzwa;
3. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho nububiko, guhitamo neza ibikoresho byububiko, ubunini buhuye, imbaraga nubukomere.
XXVIII.Igishushanyo hejuru yimbere
Igishushanyo hejuru yimbere yibicuruzwa byakuwe mugihe cyo gukuramo byitwa imbere yimbere.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo gutera imbere imbere
1. Urushinge rwo gukuramo rwometse ku cyuma;
2. Ubushyuhe bwurushinge rwo gukuramo ni buke;
3. Ubuso bwubuso bwurushinge rwo gukuramo ni bubi kandi hariho ibibyimba;
4. Ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo n'umuvuduko ntibigenzurwa neza;
5. Ikigereranyo kidakwiye cyo gusiga amavuta;
Uburyo bwo kwirinda
1. Ongera ubushyuhe bwa silinderi yo gusohora hamwe nurushinge rwo gusohora, kandi ugenzure ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo no kwihuta;
2. Shimangira amavuta yo kuyungurura, kugenzura cyangwa gusimbuza amavuta yimyanda kenshi, no gukoresha amavuta neza kandi neza;
3. Kugira isuku yubwoya;
4. Simbuza inshusho zujuje ibyangombwa hamwe ninshinge zo gusohora mugihe, kandi ugumane ubuso bwibibumbano bisukuye kandi byoroshye.
XXX.Ibindi bintu
Mu ijambo rimwe, nyuma yubuvuzi bwuzuye, ubwoko 30 bwinenge yibicuruzwa byavuzwe haruguru bya aluminium aliyumu birashobora gukurwaho neza, ubuziranenge, umusaruro mwinshi, ubuzima burebure, hamwe nubuso bwiza bwibicuruzwa, gukora ikirango, bizana imbaraga niterambere kuri uruganda, no kugira inyungu zingenzi za tekiniki nubukungu.
XXX.Ibindi bintu
Mu ijambo rimwe, nyuma yubuvuzi bwuzuye, ubwoko 30 bwinenge yibicuruzwa byavuzwe haruguru bya aluminium aliyumu birashobora gukurwaho neza, ubuziranenge, umusaruro mwinshi, ubuzima burebure, hamwe nubuso bwiza bwibicuruzwa, gukora ikirango, bizana imbaraga niterambere kuri uruganda, no kugira inyungu zingenzi za tekiniki nubukungu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2022